CDC Categories Of Isolation

 

CDC Categories Of Isolation

·       Strict Isolation

·       Respiratory Isolation

·       Enteric Precautions

·       Contact Isolation

·       T. B. Isolation

·       Drainage/Secretion Precautions

·       Blood And Body Fluid Precautions

 

A .Strict Isolation Category

·       Diseases that are highly contagious and of a severe nature, often fatal, like diptheria plague, varicella, anthrax are included in this category.

·       The patient is placed in a single room with door closed. Gowns,  masks, and gloves are to be used. All articles in the room are to be placed in impervious plastic bags.

B  Enteric Category

It Includes

1. Infectious diseases, predominantly of the gastrointestinal system and usually transmitted by the faeco-oral route .
2. Diarrhoeas requiring admission in the isolation section of the ward-
3. Cholera
4. Bacillary dysentery
5. Amoebic dysentery
6. Salmonella and staphylococcal enteritis
7. Hepatitis a and e
8. Poliomyelitis
9. Typhoid and paratyphoid fever
10. Other infectious diarrhoeas.
11. Enteric precautions

C  Respiratory Category

1. Infectious diseases involving respiratory tract with transmission through the airborne route come in this category. The spread of infection is usually through droplets resulting from cough or sneeze .contact with respiratory secretions either by hand or fomites is another important mode of transmission.
2. Diseases requiring respiratory category isolation and admission in the isolation ward
3. H.influenzae respiratory  disease
4. Measles
5. Meningococcal meningitis
6. Mumps
7. Rubella
8. Masks are indicated for those who come close to the patient
9. Gowns are not indicated
10. Gloves are not indicated
11. Hands must be washed after touching the patient or potentially contaminated articles and before taking care of next patient.
12. Articles contaminated with infective material must be discarded or bagged and labelled before being sent for decontamination and reprocessing.

 

D  Tuberculosis Isolation

1. Patients with AFB positive sputum or chest x-ray suggesting open pulmonary tuberculosis should be cared for in the isolation ward. Patients should wear masks when being moved within the hospital .
2. Masks are indicated when the patient is coughing and does not reliably cover the mouth.
3. Gowns are indicated only if gross contamination of clothing is likely.
4. Gloves are not indicated.
5. Hands must be washed after touching the patient or potentially contaminated articles
6. Articles, must be discarded, cleaned, or sent for decontamination and reprocessing.

E  Contact Isolation Category

1. Acute respiratory infections in infants and young children including croup, cold , bronchitis, bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza virus including H1N1, parainfluenza viruses and rhinovirus. Conjunctivitis (gonococcal and viral), endometritis (gp.a streptococci), furunculosis and other staphylococcal infections, impetigo and herpes zoster. Also, infections with bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics.
2. Diseases requiring contact isolation
3. Gram negative bacteria resistant to all antibiotics
4. Staphylococci resistant to methicillin/oxacillin
5. Pneumococcus resistant to penicillin
6. H. Influenzae resistant to ampicillin or chloramphenicol
7. Vancomycin resistant enterococci
8. A separate/isolation room is usually necessary .however; patients infected with the same organism may occupy the same room. During outbreaks, infants and young children with the same respiratory clinical syndrome may share the room
9. Masks are indicated for all persons coming close to the patient.
10. Gowns are indicated if soiling is likely
11. Gloves are indicated for touching infected material
12. Hands must be washed or decontaminated after touching the patient or potentially contaminated articles and before taking care of another patient